The Norwegian Fund for Post-Graduate Training in Physiotherapy.The Establishment Foundation for Advancement of Sports Medicine and Sports Physiotherapy in Norway.We therefore aim to map out the movement range of the deep pelvic and hip muscles, for establishing an empiric foundation for improved physical actions for patients with low back, pelvic, and hip pain. However, exercises for stretching and strengthening of the deep gluteal muscles are still performed with straight hips and with main focus on the external rotator function. Only one (unpublished) study on human bodies has empirically assessed the function of these muscles in other positions and found evidence indicating other main functions than external rotation of the hip. The function of the deep pelvic and hip muscles, also called external rotators of the hip, is mainly assessed on human bodies with the hip in a straight position. Lately another deep pelvic and hip muscle, obturator internus, is proposed as the main obstructer of the sciatic nerve. Piriformis is a deep gluteal muscle which spans the pelvic and hip joint, and which clinically is associated with several diagnoses and symptoms. A known alternative diagnosis for joint pain is the piriformis syndrome. Pain and disability related to the low back, pelvis, and hip is common. Neumann, Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System – Foundations for Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Chapter 12 Hip, p. The superficial muscles gluteus maximus (1) and gluteus medius (2) are excised, to uncover the deep sacrospinosus (3) and sacrotuberalis (4) ligaments and the deep gluteal muscles. Figure: The deep gluteal (external rotator) muscles on posterior and lateral side of the pelvic and hip area.
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